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Footwear

Heel counter

What is a heel counter?

A heel counter is the stiffened section at the back of a shoe or boot that wraps around and holds your heel. It keeps the heel from sliding and rolling inside the shoe, which is where both stability on uneven ground and a blister-free heel start.

Heel counter at a glance

Where
Back of the upper, around the heel
Job
Holds the heel in place
Most rigid on
Stability and durability footwear
Lighter, faster shoes use softer uppers

What does a heel counter do?

It holds your heel still. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons describes the heel counter as the back of the shoe that holds the heel in place, and its advice for buying any athletic shoe is to make sure the counter grips your heel well enough to keep you stable.

A heel that can move inside the shoe causes two problems. It shifts sideways on uneven ground, so the shoe stops feeling planted, and it rubs up and down with every step. REI's insole guide names that heel slip as a cause of hot spots and blisters.

How stiff should a heel counter be?

Stiffer the more you carry and the rougher the ground. REI's running shoe guide notes that shoes built around stability and durability tend to have a more rigid structure, especially in the heel counter, at the cost of extra weight and less breathability. Hiking boots generally sit toward the firmer end of that range, and light trail shoes toward the softer end.

Neither end is wrong. A softer counter suits a light, fast shoe on good trail, and a firm one earns its weight under a backpacking load on rocky ground, which is the same trade the shank makes lower down in a boot.

How do you check a heel counter when trying on shoes?

Lace the shoe properly and walk up a slope or a flight of stairs. Your heel should stay seated rather than lifting out of the back. A heel that slides freely points at a shoe that is too big or too roomy at the back for your foot.

Before blaming the counter, rule out the easy fixes. A heel lock tied with a surgeon's knot often stops the lift, and REI notes that a supportive mid to high volume insole can take up excess room at the back of the shoe and steady the heel.

What this means when you're choosing

  • A counter that keeps its shape with the shoe laced, rather than folding in
  • A heel that stays seated when you walk uphill or up stairs in the shop
  • A firmer counter for heavy loads and rough ground, a softer one for light, fast hiking

The common mistake

Expecting a stiff counter to fix a boot that is too big

A firm counter can only hold a heel that fits inside it. If the back of the boot is roomier than your heel, the counter stays rigid while your heel moves around within it, and the blister arrives anyway. Get the length and volume right first, because the counter only works on top of a good fit.

Common questions

Is a stiffer heel counter always better?

No. REI's running shoe guide ties a rigid heel counter to shoes built for stability and durability, and notes the cost in weight and breathability. For light loads on smooth trail a softer counter is fine; under a heavy pack on rough ground, the firmer one earns its place.

What causes heel slip in hiking boots?

Usually a boot that is too roomy at the back for your heel, or laces that are not locking the heel down. Try a heel lock with a surgeon's knot and a supportive insole first. If the heel still lifts, the boot's shape does not match your foot.

Where this is defined

Where this comes up

Guides on Tom's Hiking where heel counter changes which product is right for you.

More in footwear

Lug depth

Lugs are the raised blocks on the sole of a boot or trail shoe, and lug depth is how tall they are, usually 3 to 6 mm. Deeper lugs bite into soft ground; shallower ones give more contact area on rock and hard trail.

Outsole

The outsole is the rubber layer on the bottom of a shoe, the part touching the ground. It carries the lug pattern and the rubber compound, which together decide grip, and it's usually the first part of a shoe to wear out visibly.

Midsole

The midsole is the foam layer between the outsole and your foot. It absorbs impact and sets how stiff or soft a shoe feels, and it's the part that quietly dies long before the tread looks worn.

EVA foam

EVA is the light, springy foam most hiking and running midsoles are made of. It cushions well and weighs little, but it compresses permanently over time, which is why shoes go flat after a few hundred miles.

Stack height

Stack height is how much material sits between your foot and the ground, measured in millimetres at the heel and forefoot. More stack means more cushioning and less ground feel; less means more feedback and a lower, more stable platform.

Heel-to-toe drop

Drop is the height difference between a shoe's heel stack and its forefoot stack, given in millimetres. Zero drop means the foot sits level; 8 to 12 mm tilts you forward slightly and shortens the load on the calf and Achilles.

Rock plate

A rock plate is a thin stiff sheet, usually TPU or a nylon composite, embedded in the forefoot of a shoe. It spreads the load from a sharp rock across the whole foot instead of letting it press into one point.

Shank

A shank is a stiffening insert running through the arch of a boot, made of steel, nylon or composite. It controls how much the boot twists and bends, which is what lets a boot support a heavy load and edge on rock.

Rand

A rand is a strip of rubber bonded around the lower edge of a boot's upper, most often at the toe. It takes the abrasion from rock and roots that would otherwise wear through fabric or leather, and it protects your toes from impact.

Gusseted tongue

A gusseted tongue is sewn to the sides of the boot with fabric panels instead of hanging free. It seals the gap along the laces so grit and water can't get in, and it stops the tongue sliding sideways as you walk.

Vibram Megagrip

Megagrip is a Vibram rubber compound formulated for grip on wet and dry rock. It's softer and stickier than standard hiking rubber, which is why it holds on slabs and greasy roots, and why it wears out faster.

Gaiters

Gaiters are fabric sleeves worn over the top of a shoe or boot to keep grit, snow and water out. Low trail gaiters cover the collar and stop scree filling your shoes; tall gaiters run to the knee and seal the leg against deep snow and wet brush.

Microspikes

Microspikes are elastomer harnesses with short chains and spikes, roughly 10 to 15 mm, that stretch over a shoe for traction on packed snow and ice. They are the middle rung between yaktrax-style coils and full crampons, and they are not mountaineering equipment.

Crampon

A crampon is a metal frame carrying 10 or more points up to 5 cm long that binds rigidly to a stiff-soled boot, so a climber can stand on hard alpine ice and steep snow. It is the tier above microspikes, and it is technical equipment that needs an ice axe and training.

Insulation weight in grams

Insulation weight is the mass in grams of one square meter of the insulating sheet inside a boot or glove. A 400g boot uses a heavier sheet than a 200g boot, so it is warmer, but it is nothing like twice as warm.

Vibram Arctic Grip

Arctic Grip is a Vibram outsole technology built for traction on wet ice. It stays pliable at temperatures where ordinary hiking rubber goes hard, which is the reason a winter sole grips where a three season one skates.

Flotation

Flotation is how well a snowshoe keeps you on top of snow instead of sinking into it. It is a function of deck surface area measured against your loaded weight, which is your body plus clothing, boots and everything in your pack.

Heel lift

A heel lift is a small wire or plastic bar behind the heel of a snowshoe that flips up so your boot rests on it during a climb. It stops your calf being held at full stretch on sustained steep ground.

Footbed

A footbed is the cushioned, usually removable layer your foot rests on inside a shoe or boot, and what most people call the insole. Stock footbeds are typically inexpensive fillers, and replacing one with a supportive aftermarket insole is the cheapest way to change how a boot fits.

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