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Stoves and water

Backflushing

Also called backwashing, cleaning a filter

What is backflushing?

Backflushing pushes clean water backwards through a filter to dislodge the sediment clogging its pores. It's routine maintenance on a hollow fiber filter, and it's the difference between one that lasts a season and one that lasts years.

Backflushing at a glance

Tool
Syringe or coupling
How often
Little and often, on the trip
Restores
Most of the lost flow

Why a filter slows down

Everything a filter removes stays on its inlet side. Over a few days that layer builds up and flow drops, which people interpret as the filter wearing out. Usually it isn't worn out at all, just loaded, and pushing clean water back through in the reverse direction lifts the sediment off and restores most of the original flow.

How often to do it

Most filters ship with a syringe or a coupling for exactly this, and the instinct is to save it for the end of the trip. Do it more often than that. Backflushing daily on silty water keeps flow high the whole time and stops the element ever reaching the badly clogged state that's hard to recover from.

Backflushing without the syringe

If you've left the syringe at home, the field version works: fill a bottle with clean filtered water, connect it to the outlet side, and squeeze hard. It's less effective than the syringe and considerably better than nothing. What you must not do is let the filter dry out fully with sediment still packed in it, because that sets hard.

What this means when you're choosing

  • An included syringe or coupling, since you will not do it without one
  • Whether the filter can be backflushed at all, because some cannot
  • How the maker says to do it, which varies by element

The common mistake

Saving it for when the filter has almost stopped

Sediment compacts on the inlet side and gets harder to shift the longer you leave it. Backflush little and often, on the trip rather than after it, and a filter lasts years instead of a season.

Common questions

How often should I backflush my filter?

Whenever flow noticeably drops, and daily if you're drawing from silty water. It takes under a minute and it's the main thing that determines how long the filter lasts.

Can I backflush without the syringe?

Yes. Attach a bottle of clean filtered water to the outlet side and squeeze it back through. It works less well than the syringe, so carry the syringe when you can.

Where this comes up

Guides on Tom's Hiking where backflushing changes which product is right for you.

More in stoves and water

Canister stove

A canister stove screws directly onto a sealed cartridge of pressurised isobutane-propane. It lights instantly, simmers well and needs no priming, which is why it's the default backpacking stove almost everywhere fuel canisters are sold.

Integrated stove system

An integrated stove system pairs a burner with a matched pot that locks on, usually with a heat exchanger ring on the base. It boils water faster and uses less fuel than a separate stove and pot, at the cost of versatility.

Regulated valve

A regulated valve holds a stove's fuel pressure steady as the canister empties or cools. Without one, output drops off through the canister's life and falls sharply in the cold; with one, the flame stays consistent much further down.

Isobutane-propane blend

Isobutane-propane is the fuel blend inside standard threaded backpacking canisters, usually around 80 percent isobutane and 20 percent propane. Propane provides cold-weather pressure, isobutane provides most of the burn time.

Hollow fiber filter

A hollow fiber filter passes water through a bundle of tiny straw-like tubes whose walls are perforated with pores around 0.1 to 0.2 microns. It's the technology in almost every modern backpacking filter, and a single freeze can destroy it invisibly.

Micron rating

A micron rating states the largest particle a filter lets through, in microns. Backpacking filters are typically rated 0.1 or 0.2 microns, which stops bacteria and protozoa. Viruses are around 0.02 microns and pass straight through.

Flow rate

Flow rate is how fast a filter delivers clean water, usually quoted in liters per minute. The advertised figure is measured on a brand-new filter with clean water, and real flow drops as the element clogs with sediment.

Purifier vs filter

A filter physically strains out bacteria and protozoa. A purifier also deals with viruses, which are too small to strain, using chemistry, UV light or a much finer element. Most backcountry hiking needs a filter; international travel often needs a purifier.

Soft flask

A soft flask is a collapsible bottle, usually 250 to 750 ml, carried in the front pockets of a hydration vest. It shrinks as you drink so it doesn't slosh, and you can see exactly how much water you have left.

Hydration bladder

A hydration bladder is a flat water reservoir carried inside a pack with a drinking hose routed over the shoulder. It holds 1.5 to 3 liters, packs flat against your back and lets you drink without stopping or taking the pack off.

Bite valve

A bite valve is the silicone mouthpiece on the end of a hydration reservoir's drink tube. It stays shut until your teeth compress a slit in it, then self-seals when you let go, so water only flows while you are drinking.

Quick disconnect

A quick disconnect is the two-part coupling in a hydration hose that lets you unclip the tube from the reservoir without threading it back through your pack. Both halves usually self-seal, so you can pull the bag out to refill and neither end drips.

Hard-anodized aluminum

Hard-anodized aluminum is aluminum whose surface has been grown into a thick, very hard oxide layer by an electrochemical bath. In cookware it gives a pot that spreads heat far more evenly than titanium and resists scratching far better than bare aluminum.

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