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Sleep systems

Fill weight

What is fill weight?

Fill weight is how much insulation is actually inside a sleeping bag or jacket, given in grams or ounces. Paired with fill power it tells you what a bag's warmth is made of, and it's the number brands are least keen to publish.

Fill weight at a glance

Given in
Grams or ounces
Multiply by
Fill power, for total loft
Often
Not published at all

Why fill weight and fill power go together

Fill power describes the quality of the down. Fill weight describes the quantity. Total loft, which is what actually keeps you warm, comes from multiplying the two, so knowing one without the other tells you very little.

Where brands cut cost quietly

This is where a lot of quiet cost-cutting happens. Two bags can both advertise 800 fill power and carry temperature ratings ten degrees apart, because one has considerably more down in it. Brands that publish both numbers are giving you enough to compare properly, and brands that publish only fill power are usually not the ones with a generous fill weight.

Why a very light bag can sleep cold

It also explains a specific disappointment. A very light bag with a high fill power and an optimistic rating often has a thin fill weight, and it will feel cold at the temperature on the label. When a bag looks suspiciously light for its rating, the missing down is the reason.

What this means when you're choosing

  • Both numbers published together, which is the sign of a brand happy to be compared
  • Total bag weight against fill weight, which tells you how much is shell and zip
  • Whether the rating is an EN/ISO limit or comfort figure before you judge the fill

The common mistake

Comparing two bags on fill power alone

Fill power is quality and fill weight is quantity, and warmth needs both. Two bags at 800 fill can be ten degrees apart because one has considerably more down in it. If a brand publishes only fill power, that is usually the tell.

Common questions

Why don't all brands publish fill weight?

Because it's the number that exposes a thin bag. Fill power sounds impressive on its own, and a maker cutting cost by putting less down in a bag has no reason to advertise it.

How do I compare two bags if only one lists fill weight?

Fall back on the EN or ISO rating, which is measured on the finished bag and reflects however much down is in it. Total weight is a useful sanity check too: a bag much lighter than its rated peers is usually lighter for a reason.

Where this is defined

Where this comes up

Guides on Tom's Hiking where fill weight changes which product is right for you.

More in sleep systems

R-value

R-value measures how well a sleeping pad resists heat escaping into the ground. Higher numbers insulate better, and since 2020 every brand has tested to the same standard, so the numbers finally compare across brands.

Fill power

Fill power measures the loft of down: how many cubic inches one ounce expands to fill. Higher fill power traps more air per unit of weight, so an 850 fill bag is lighter and more compressible than a 650 fill bag of the same warmth.

Hydrophobic down

Hydrophobic down is down treated with a water-repellent finish so it resists moisture, dries faster and keeps some loft when damp. It delays the failure that untreated down suffers when wet, but it doesn't make down behave like synthetic.

EN/ISO temperature rating

EN/ISO is the standardised lab test that gives sleeping bags their temperature ratings. It produces several figures, and the two that matter are comfort, aimed at a standard cold sleeper, and limit, aimed at a standard warm sleeper.

Mummy bag

A mummy bag is a sleeping bag cut wide at the shoulders and narrow at the feet, with a hood that closes around your head. The taper leaves less air inside for your body to heat, which is why it is the warmest shape for its weight.

Draft collar

A draft collar is an insulated tube around the neck opening of a sleeping bag, cinched to seal the gap at your shoulders. It stops warm air pumping out of the top of the bag every time you move, which is where most heat is lost.

Baffle

A baffle is a fabric wall sewn between the inner and outer shells of a down bag to hold the down in place. Without baffles the down migrates to the low side and leaves cold spots where there's no insulation at all.

Footbox

The footbox is the shaped end of a sleeping bag or quilt where your feet sit. It's built with extra volume so the insulation isn't crushed flat by your toes, which is the coldest spot in most sleep systems.

Backpacking quilt

A backpacking quilt is a sleeping bag with the back removed and no hood, strapped to your sleeping pad instead. It cuts weight and bulk by deleting insulation that a bag crushes flat underneath you and that does nothing there anyway.

Pad attachment system

A pad attachment system is whatever keeps your bag or quilt joined to your sleeping pad, usually elastic straps that pass under the pad and clip to the quilt. It stops the two separating in the night on any surface that isn't flat.

Underquilt

An underquilt is an insulated quilt that hangs on the outside of a hammock, cradling it from below. Because your body never lies on it, nothing compresses the loft, which is why it works where a sleeping bag underneath you does not.

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